A Presidential order from the Republic period (republican-era equivalent of imperial edict)

拍品描述

Period Issued in the 2nd year of the Republic of China (1913) Description Issued on the 25th day of February in the 2nd year of the Republic of China (1913), this Presidential Order grants the title of Duke Fuguo to Jambal Dorji, a First-Rank Taiji. Dimensions 259 x 34 cm Literature After the fall of the Qing and the end of imperial rule, formal imperial edicts (诏书 / 上谕) were replaced by presidential decrees—usually called orders, mandates, or ordinances (命令 / 令)—issued in the name of the Republic. Under Yuan Shikai and his successors, these were a central instrument of governance.

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