Pre-Columbian Toltec (800-1000 AD) Mysterious Jade Man

拍品描述

Pre-Columbian Toltec (800-1000 AD) Mysterious carved Jade figurine, 20 cm. Height: 8 in. = 20 cm. Weight: 2 lb. 6 oz. = 1100 g = 1 kg 100g. Age: 800-1000 AD. Condition: Very good, partially translucent jade, old hand-made carving, small superficial 2-mm chip on the nose. No other defects. The Toltec culture is an archaeological Mesoamerican culture that dominated a state centered in Tula, in the early post-classic period of Mesoamerican chronology (ca 800-1000 CE). The later Aztec culture saw the Toltecs as their intellectual and cultural predecessors and described Toltec culture emanating from Tlln ['tolan] (Nahuatl for Tula) as the epitome of civilization; indeed in the Nahuatl language the word "Tltcatl" [tol'tekat] (singular) or "Tltcah" [tol'teka] (plural) came to take on the meaning "artisan". The Aztec oral and pictographic tradition also described the history of the Toltec Empire, giving lists of rulers and their exploits. Among modern scholars it is a matter of debate whether the Aztec narratives of Toltec history should be given credence as descriptions of actual historical events. While all scholars acknowledge that there is a large mythological part of the narrative, some maintain that by using a critical comparative method some level of historicity can be salvaged from the sources. Others maintain that continued analysis of the narratives as sources of actual history is futile and hinders access to actual knowledge of the culture of Tula, Hidalgo. Other controversies relating to the Toltecs include how best to understand the reasons behind the perceived similarities in architecture and iconography between the archaeological site of Tula and the Mayan site of Chichén Itzá. No consensus has yet emerged about the degree or direction of influence between these two sites. Low Estimate: 30000; High Estimate: 60000; Original: Yes; Circa: 900;

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